Hydrogeochemical status and geoelectrical characteristics of the shallow aquifers of Kalanad Basin, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

Abstract Groundwater demand has increased due to overpopulation and intensive irrigation which resulted in decline of water resources deterioration quality. In this view, a microlevel study was conducted through hydrogeochemical investigation resistivity survey (VES) Kalanad river basin, Kasaragod, Kerala. The aims determine the spatial variations physicochemical parameters with delineation geological layers area VES. Hydrogeochemical suitability assessment for drinking purposes were confined open well samples area. sample analysis comparison various standards (WHO BIS) show that groundwater is not entirely fit respect pH. Almost all fall within standard values as per quality indices. chemical nature dominated by alkalies majority belonged sodium chloride type. This also dealt interpretation data using correlation R mode factor analyses. VES carried out at seven locations, apparent obtained had been analysed. delineated maximum four geologic sequence formation composed highly resistive top lateritic soil followed saturated zone then basement topography entire basin.